William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare is considered by many to have been greatest writer the English language has ever known. As a playwright, he wrote not only some of the most powerful tragedies, but also many of the funniest comedies ever to appear on an English stage. He also wrote 154 sonnets and several major poems, some of which are considered to be the most brilliant pieces of English literature ever written, because of Shakespeare's ability to rise beyond the narrative and describe the innermost and the most profound aspects of the human nature. For the most famous examples of this ability, see quotations. He is believed to have written most of his works between 1585-1610, although the exact dates and chronology of the plays attributed to him is not accurately known. The identity of William Shakespeare the playright has been the subject of considerable debate and confusion. The vast majority of academics hold that actor Shakespeare and the playright Shakespeare are one and the same person, but this subject has been hotly debated over the years. See below for further details. Most historians agree that actor and playwright were both the same William Shakespeare for whom we have considerable historical records. That Shakespeare was born in Stratford, England, in 1564, the son of a glove maker. The baptism of Shakespeare is recorded on the 26th of April of that year and the 23rd has traditionally been considered his birthday. After his marriage to Ann Hathaway in 1582, which seems to have been rushed by the bride's pregnancy, little is known of Shakespeare until he appears on the London literary scene. He was sufficiently known to be denounced in 1592 by Robert Greene as "an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blanke verse as the best of you: and beeing an absolute Johannes fac totum, is in his owne conceit the onely Shake-scene in a countrey". Shakespeare became an actor, writer and ultimately part-owner of an acting company known as The Lord Chamberlain's Men - the company was named, like others of the period, for their aristocratic sponsor. It was sufficiently popular that after the death of Elizabeth I and the coronation of James I (1603), the new monarch adopted the company and it became known as The King's Men. Various documents recording legal affairs and business transactions show that Shakespeare grew increasingly affluent in his London years. He retired approximately 1611 and died in 1616, on April 23rd, perhaps the reason behind the tradition of his birthday being this same day.